The Atacama Desert Essay -- Chile Geography

The Atacama Desert Abstract Exclusive of the largest mountain ranges and oceans, earth’s most well-known physical features are its great desert regions. The word desert often conjures up ideas of open expanses of sand and towering dunes blown by perpetual wind and dust storms. Moreover, deserts are often categorized as being strictly sandy, hot, and extremely dry. Only part of this assumption is correct. Furthermore, the categorizing of deserts as such illustrates how little knowledge many people in fact have of desert regions of the earth. The notion that all deserts are hot and sandy is especially erroneous. The surrounding landforms, air temperature, and soil composition have no bearing on whether or not a climate region is classified as a dessert. The sole characteristic used in classifying climate regions as a desert is aridity; a lack of moisture (Cressy 390). Deserts can be defined as regions where less than 10 inches of liquid equivalent precipitation falls each year. A better definition is any climatic region where evaporation substantially exceeds precipitation for most of the year (Cressey 390). Thus, based on this definition it is clear that deserts are not regulated to hot low latitude regions of the earth. Deserts are found at all latitudes, and encompass all air temperature ranges found on earth. Deserts types range from hot hyper-arid deserts such as the Sahara to less known and rather unusual cool coastal deserts such as the Atacama. Although the Atacama does embody hyper-arid characteristics, the Atacama Desert is generally classified as a cool coastal desert. The remainder of this paper will focus specifically on the physical characteristics of the Atacama Desert. Topography Located in northern Chile... ...tley, Adrian J. â€Å"150 million years of climatic stability: evidence from the Atacama Desert, northern Chile.† Journal of the Geological Society 162.3 (2005):421-. Kampf, Stephanie K. "Evaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile." Journal of Hydrology 310.1-4 (2005):236-. Lamb, Simon. â€Å"Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the rise of the Andes.† Nature 425.6960 (2003):792-. Light, Mary. â€Å"Atacama Revisited: â€Å"Desert Trails† Seen from the Air.† Geographical Review 36.4 (1946):525-545. Mooney. â€Å"Atmospheric Water Uptake by an Atacama Desert Shrub.† Science 209.4457 (1980):693-694. Oppenheimer, Robert. "National Capital and National Development: Financing Chile." The Business History Review 56.1 (1982):54-75. Rudolph, William. â€Å"The Rio Loa of Northern Chile.† Geographical Review 17.4 (1927):553-585.

Peter Careys The Fat Man In History Essay -- essays research papers

Peter Carey’s The Fat Man in History Entrapment and Isolation are common attributes of characters throughout several of the stories in The Fat Man in History. This comes across in many forms, both physical and mental. In most of the stories both entrapment and isolation often the result of the interaction of both. Stories which this theme is apparent are Crabs, Windmill in the West, and A Report on the Shadow Industry. In all of these stories characters are both entrapped and isolated by their behaviour and environment. They are not totally entrapped or isolated in all situations as they can change their behaviour to avoid this, however some of the stories depicting characters isolated or entrapped by their environment have less choice in their situation. Crabs was one of the stories where the isolation and entrapment were results of behaviour but later involved environment. The setting we are introduced to is one of isolation portrayed by the every man for himself world. Car owners were the prey of both Karboys and Police with support from no one against these forces. Crabs could have avoided this by having car that was less of a target, or not having a car at all, even though this would have been a difficult sacrifice. This isolation was the cause for his physical entrapment in the drive-in. During his entrapment in the drive in a further isolation was endured by Crabs. His choice of solitude was brought on by himself however, as he had become bored with the world ...

Annotated bib

Mean states â€Å"Antigen deserves the title role because her courage and conviction, her absolute and self-sacrificing defiance of Green's edict is the catalyst that creates the whole tragedy; but as the drama unfolds in performance, Green's incapacity to Andre the political and familial situation that he has created becomes more and more central†. The point of this statement is to tell how Antigen's disobedience, and loyalty to her brother created this play, but Is overshadowed by the impotence of King Akron.Antigen Is seen as a female hero while Akron Is not accepted as the tragic hero. Being faced with the death of his wife, and son, Green's nobility does not compare to that of Oldness. Antigen Is then described by Michael Means as being, â€Å"right to transgress against the role expected of a woman In fifth century Athens, and bury her brother herself†. Frank, Bernhard. Sophocles' Antigen. † Explicator 55(1997):187-1 89. Literary Reference Center. Web. 22 Ga g. 2014.In this literary critique Frank insists that the incest motif still remains very clear in this story as it did in Sophocles' Oedipus the King. He also states that the murder motive reappears. Antigen is described by Bernhard Frank as, â€Å"Rather than the â€Å"ill-fated bride† of Hammond, it is as the bride of her slain brother that Antigen may see herself'. This quote Is stating that she is mourning her brother so much that you would think she was his widow. Antigen Is then described as the, violent daughter of a violent father of a violent father†.Oedipus other daughter, Kinsmen Is described as hope at the end of literary work of art. She will probably marry out of her family. Kinsmen is called the future of her families never ending tragedy. Merchant, David Michael. â€Å"Antigen. â€Å"Masterpiece, Fourth Edition (2010):1-2. Literary Reference Center. Web. 26 Gag. 2014 There are many themes discussed in this literary critique written by David Michael Me rchant. The subjects of obedience to the laws provided by the gods before anything else, is family worth more than the state, ND the theme of consequences and choices.It is debated that Antigen was right for fulfilling her role In Grecian society, and burying Policies. In contrast, Croon Is looked as scum for trying to kill his niece, and son's fiance. Merchant then states, â€Å"Both Antigen and Croon stick stubbornly to what they feel are logical choices -but they are Limited In their knowledge and cannot foresee all the consequences of their choices†. Both of them do not listen to a council, which tries to guide them. If they audience to debate whether Antigen, or Croon wins this tragic war.

Benefits of Two Years Mandatory Military Service

With the present constant threat to national security and the many advantages that military service imparts to the individual, I take the position that every able-bodied citizen (male and female) should have a two-year military service. The first advantage of military service is that it pushes a man to develop personal discipline. In American society today, many youths were not able to develop any personal discipline (Armstrong, 2006). People who are undisciplined are usually the cause of trouble and more likely to commit many criminal offenses. That is because, people like them do not know how to take care of themselves and their society. They are lazy and just want to hang out in the streets and having nothing else to do, get themselves into drugs or other illegal activities. They are usually the ones who cannot find jobs or were constantly got fired.   In the end, they became a menace to society.   In reality, parents of this youths often cannot make them reform. Requiring this kind of people to enter military service for two years is the best means   for them to develop personal discipline, whether they like it or not. In military, failure to obey commands or follow rules means facing the corresponding military consequences. As I came from a military family (my dad, mom and step mom and three uncles are working in the military), I can attests that people from this service are well-disciplined individuals. Next, military service helps to â€Å"structure† a youth’s life. Most youths after high school will still be confused or unsure of what career to take in life. The underlying cause may be because they do not know themselves very well yet. They still do not know their strengths, weaknesses and what they really want in life. In short, their life still lacks â€Å"structure† from which to build a foundation. Having no compulsory military service to look forward to, these youths may waste their time with unnecessary experimentations, doing drugs or getting into close intimate relationships resulting to unwanted pregnancies (Armstrong, 2006). Mandatory military service will help these youths think of their options in life. In the military camps and training grounds, they will come to know their weaknesses, fears as well as strengths and the skill how to handle them. Free educational opportunities will also help them to get better acquainted with their interest and provide direction to their civilian life later on. Entering military service includes teaching     combat skills and survival methods (Armstrong, 2006).   The individual will come to know how to protect himself or others in danger. When he become a civilian later on, these skills will be helpful to ward off rapist, gang assaults, and other personal emergencies. He will also develop the skills how to be alert, to be able to detect suspicious activities around him. This is especially helpful in stopping or intercepting terrorist activities that is now constantly threatening the country. The military and the police had always wanted the civilian to cooperate and be on the alert regarding terrorism but most often than not the citizens were not of a much help due their ignorance or incapability. The best benefit of military service are the many lessons it will impart to the individual that may take a longer time to be learned   if he is   not in the military. He will get to have the chance to travel to many places and meet many kinds of people. He will learn independence, courage, self-determination, loyalty, responsibility and attention to details. Many men in history, US presidents specifically, made the right decisions because of the lessons they learned in the frontlines. For example, George Washington as a general knew the seriousness of the threat of British invasion, so that as a President in spite of much opposition to his decision he signed an unpopular treaty that prevented the British from ever successfully invading the country. Andrew Jackson was a major general who fought against the mighty British Army, and when he won, it had given him the courage to face other personal and political foes of his life. And lastly ( although there are still others), John F. Kennedy, as a lieutenant had acquired the ability to pay attention to details and how one slight mistake can cause larger problems .This attitude had helped him   make better decision during the Cuban missile crisis( Kliff, 2008). Many feared that to enlist in military service is to make an     early appointment with death. However, it must be understood that many men, young and old, died outside of military service. Their deaths were often due to lack of personal discipline. In fact, whatever disadvantage a man may think about military service, the advantages outweighs the disadvantages. Take for example the lessons he learned in two years in the frontlines. These briefly learned lessons will guide him throughout the many years of civilian life ahead of him. The conscript will become a better mother or father later on.   Aside from that, if military service is mandatory, the military will benefit because they will have many members who will protect the country and the millions of money originally allocated for recruitment will be channeled for training. The country, on the other hand, will benefit because its citizens will be well disciplined, mature, and able to defend themselves (Armstrong, 2006). References: 1.     Kliff, Sarah.(February 2008).   Lessons From the Front Line.   Newsweek. 151(6). 2. Williams, Armstrong. (June 2006).   Mandatory Military Service will Benefit the US. Newsmax. Retrieved February 14, 2008   

People Should Not Persuade Others to Join Their Religion Essay

I agree with the statement ‘People should not persuade others to join their religion’ because it’s the persons choice. Everyone has the right to choose what religion they want, or don’t want, based on their own reasons and feelings and no one should try and influence them into choosing one religion that they may not actually believe in but have been persuaded by others that it is the best religion to choose. Traditional Christian Missionaries would most likely disagree with what the statement says. They believe that they should go around spreading the gospel to persuade people to join Christianity because it is a job that God wants them to do. They take passages from the bible like John 14; No one can get to God except through Jesus, and John 3:14; Whoever believes in Jesus will not die but have eternal life, literally and use them to convince others that they have to join the Christian faith because it is the only way they can truly be connected with God. I do not agree with this point of view because if they are following their faith to the letter, then most religions teach that God will always be there for you even if you don’t have a faith so you don’t have to believe in Jesus to connect with God. However the fact that they have based what they believe in on the bible shows at least that they are trying to do what they believe is right and what God has told them and what they are supposed to do. Alternatively, modern missionaries might also agree with the statement because, instead of trying to persuade people to join Christianity, they do good work and evangelise because they believe it’s what God wants them to do. They believe God does not need them to convince others to join Christianity but just to spread his word to everybody because they are all one in Jesus Christ no matter what their faith is and as long as they keep spreading the gospel rather than using it to encourage people to join their faith they are doing what God wants and if people do convert to Christianity because of it then it has been their choice to do so. I think this is a much better view of what a missionary should do because it means they can still spread the word of God to people who might need to know about it so it can help them and they can still do the good work that God wants them to but they are not trying to be bias to any religion and they do not take away anybodies right to choose the way that they feel or believe. Atheists do not believe in any religion or God which is why some people may believe that they need to be persuaded to a become religious because they  think everyone needs to believe in God or a God and everyone needs to have a faith. However I don’t think that atheists would want to have anybody trying to persuade them to join their faith because they do not think any God exists. They may also argue to people who say that everyone has to have a faith that their faith is that they believe that the Wholly Other is not real. They would probably agree with the statement if people have chosen what they want to believe in then people should accept what they have chosen. Overall I agree with what the statement says because it is everyone’s human right to have a choice about everything they believe and other people trying to change that shouldn’t happen.

Organized crime in the 1920s Essay

The 1920s was time of music and literature but it was also a decade of crime. This rise ot illegality was not random but caused by prohibition and immigration. The advancement of guns also helped gangs progress. one of the most Important figureheads of this era was A1 Capone. organized crime flourished during the 1920s In America. The typical Italian mafia stereotype has some truth since our mafia was strongly influenced my Italy. During the mid-1800s the Sicilian mafia grew exponentially In Italy, but this quickly came to an end. At the end of the 19th century the Fascist egime of Benito Mussolini attacked the crime organizations of Italy (Mafia in the United States) Sicilian Mafiosi decided to escape to America to continue their illegal ways In Just New York in went from 20,000 in 1880 to 500,000 by 1 910 (Mafia in the United States), In 1919. the 18th amendment was passed starting the Prohibition era and sparking a wave of crime. The 1 8th amendment also known as Prohibition banned the consumption, manufacturing, and sale of alcohol. This left a major market unclaimed with a lot of potential profit. This market also gave Sicilian Mafiosi nother reason to immigrate. The mafia eventually took over the alcohol business using their skills of skilled a smuggling and bribery to get around the amendment (Mafia in the United States). The advancement of guns thanks to World War helped the mana operate and even gave them another product to sell. Directly due to the passing ot prohlbltlon the gun market In America expanded (Prohibition). Gangs used guns to kill off rival gangs and keep hold of your territory, the most famous of which Is Thompson gun.

Innovation and Design Strategy Essay

Samsung Electronics: Innovation and Design Strategy Introduction: The case study commences with the integration of innovative design and brand management by Samsung Electronics which started a new trend in the electronics industry. As discussed in the case, initially Samsung was not much popular and lacked design identity but later it relocated itself by: * Improvement in the product development processes * Increasing their investments in R&D and product design i. e. R&D globalization. * By adopting right innovation strategies. By mastering the less tangible, more intuitive qualities of superior design. By diversification of products and step by step or continual improvement. * Implementing Global localization strategy. * Achieving Vision of leading in digital convergence by using e-processes (electronic integration of processes by going online). All these methods were implemented by Samsung in order to improve its productivity and to gain competitive advantage over its competitors l ike LG Electronics, Sony, Apple Computer Inc. , etc. Despite this, Samsung is facing the challenge to stay ahead in competition in the near future. Consumer electronics industry is facing a tough competition and the need of the our is to optimize the R & D costs, having relevant information regarding the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) while design outsourcing and using appropriate product design followed by appropriate market strategy. Case Analysis: As mentioned in the case, the background of Samsung can be discussed in a tabular form: * Started by Byung-Chull Lee in 1939 as an exporter of agricultural products. I * Samsung Electronics established in 1969 followed by product diversification. I * Strategic Joint Ventures with NEC, Sanyo and Corning Glass work in 1970 | Brought 50% stake in Korea Semiconductor Inc. I * Acquisition of Korea Semiconductor Inc. in 1978 followed by the successful implementation of reverse engineered product design I * Vertical integration by developing their own IC’s DRAMS(Dynamic Random Access Memories in 1985 Focus on qualitative growth than quantitative growth in 1990 | * Loosening of import restrictions by South Korean government I And Samsung achieved price competitiveness in 1991. | * In 1992, Samsung established R;D center in European markets. I * In 1994, Samsung established R;D center in US markets. I * In 1997, Samsung cuts its Korean and overseas workforces due to Asian Financial crises. I * In 1999, Samsung was regarded as world’s premiere consumer goods and services industry By Forbes. I * In 2000, Samsung embarked vision to convert itself into a Digital- e company. * Increased design staff and 2004 | * In 2005, Samsung increased its design budget by 20%-30% | * In 2006, Samsung registered 17,377 patents worldwide I * In 2007, Samsung held management, product design and investment in R&D provided them advantages over its competitors. Hence, they improved step by step with the product iversification, Mergers and Acquisitions, vertical integration and implementation of new technology. They were aggressively involved in marketing and improving their brand image in the minds of their customers. The Samsungs learning and leveraging matrix can be explained as: Dedicated business units e. g. Informal technology transfer I New venture department or division, e. g. â€Å"skunkworks( Investments in R&D’s) I Independent business unit, e. g. Predivestment or potential spinout I Direct integration or business team ( Vertical Integration by developing their own IC’S) I High Low Leveraging existing competencies Innovation and product Design at Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics leading position was contributed by the enlisted factors: * Creative people in the organization which contributed in the development of technology. * Co-operation between the business partners throughout the supply chain * Firms ability in exploring end penetrating into the new markets * Speed of innovation and product development. Along with this Samsung also increased the investments in their R&D centers. After doing the trend analysis for the Exhibit 3 which shows the Samsung R&D udget and percentage sales, We arrive at the conclusion that the Samsung’s R;D budget increased till the year 2007 linearly. But there is decline in the percentage of sales in the year 2007, which suggests that the Samsung will need to rethink this strategy. There is an urgent need to optimize the cost related to Samsung’s R&D expenditure to prevent the decline of sales in future. Samsung globalized their R&D network worldwide to develop technologies which can be commercialized in the future. Basically the main idea behind the globalization of R&D network is to: * Focus n innovation and generating new products for global market. * There is a huge scope of product improvement. * This provides an access to the emerging markets. * Leverages the market opportunity for the firm. User- Centric Design Philosophy Samsung’s philosophy was to strike the balance between the reasons and feelings. This was done by them with the rationalization of the design of product by using geometric and technological parameters and enhancing the design to the product so that it can make the emotional connection with the user. Their global localization strategy helped them to become a top class consumer lectronics company. Marketing Samsung used electronic processes to achieve their vision of leading in digital convergence. The Convergence and integration between manufacturing, promotion ; distribution of electronics included releasing, promoting and marketing. This * Helped in product differentiation * Better value propositions or bundle of benefits to the customers. This graph shows net sales and operating profit of Samsung Electronics 2007 Samsung Electronics’ E-processes comprised of: The SCM, R&D management and Customer management processes were ntegrated with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). ERP implementation provided them a wider access to the Samsung Electronics’ operations. This improved their overall processes and improved efficiency.